ABSTRACT
Introduction: The emergence of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) sparked an unprecedented effort to develop effective vaccines against the disease. Some factors may boost the vaccine efficacy, including sufficient sleep and morning vaccination. We aimed to conduct a rapid systematic review to summarize data regarding the association between sleep and time of vaccination with immunity after vaccination. Materials and Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, and three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched up to March 12, 2022. Results: Eight studies were included regarding the sleep and immune response after vaccination, of them, five studies were on influenza, two studies on hepatitis A (HAV), and one study on hepatitis B. Accordingly, six out of eight studies found a positive correlation between sleep and immune response after vaccination. Regarding the time of vaccination, seven studies were eligible to be included (two studies on influenza, one study on HAV and influenza, one study on BCG, one study on hexavalent vaccine, and two studies on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine). Among them, four out of seven studies (including a study on SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine) reported the priorities of morning versus afternoon vaccination regarding antibody production and immune response after vaccination. Conclusion: Taken together, cumulative evidence suggests that sufficient sleep and vaccination in the morning could enhance the immune response after vaccination. Hence, modulating the time of vaccination and sufficient sleep could a be simple and applicable strategy for increasing vaccine efficacy. Future studies could be performed with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to investigate the effects of time of vaccination and sufficient sleep on COVID-19 vaccine efficacy.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to be affected by underlying diseases of the respiratory system. In this meta-analysis, the keywords of COVID-19, underlying diseases, symptoms, and mortality were searched in national and international databases to obtain the related studies. The inclusion criteria were as follows: interventional, clinical, descriptive and cross-sectional, and studies focusing on COVID-19. This study was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Eighteen studies were selected to be finally analyzed. The mean percentage of mortality was 14% (I2 ¼ 98.9, P < 0.001). The most common symptoms were fever (91%, I2 ¼ 88.5, P < 0.001) and cough (71%, I2 ¼ 84.5, P < 0.001), and the most frequent underlying diseases were hypertension (41%, I2 ¼ 98.9, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (18%, I2 ¼ 88.7, P < 0.001) and cardiovascular disease (11%, I2 ¼ 87.7, P < 0.001). Findings of present study suggest that individuals with underlying diseases have a higher rate of mortality following COVID-19 infection.
ABSTRACT
The recent coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has more sequels among patients with comorbidities and coinfections. There are limited data regarding HIV/AIDS associated-coronavirus disease 2019 infection. We present a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 37-year-old HIVpositive female patient. The patient admitted due to dry cough, headache, fatigue and a mild fever (37.6 -C) as well as bilateral ground-glass opacification in computed tomography. Her samples were positive by real-time PCR. She recovered and discharged after 16 days of hospitalization with stable conditions. This article presents the clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an Iranian HIV-positive patient.
ABSTRACT
The elderly form the main risk group in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and age is recognized as a major risk factor for the severity of infection and mortality of COVID-19. The severity of the infection in children is milder than in adults. Although the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is not fully understood, several possible factors and mechanisms have been suggested for the lower severity of infection in children.